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Biotium
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
This antibody recognizes an oncofetal glycoprotein with a single chain of 70 kDa, which is identified as alpha fetoprotein (AFP). This MAb is highly specific to AFP and shows no cross-reaction with other oncofetal antigens or serum albumin. The yolk sac and the liver produce AFP during fetal life. AFP expression in adults is often associated with hepatoma or teratoma. However, hereditary persistence of alpha-fetoprotein may also be found in individuals with no obvious pathology. The protein is thought to be the fetal counterpart of serum albumin, and the AFP and albumin genes are present in tandem in the same transcriptional orientation on chromosome 4. AFP is found in monomeric as well as dimeric and trimeric forms, and binds copper, nickel, fatty acids and bilirubin. The level of AFP in amniotic fluid is used to measure renal loss of protein to screen for spinal bifida and anencephaly.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
Recognizes the L1 or Calprotectin molecule, an intra-cytoplasmic antigen comprising of a 12 kDa alpha chain and a 14 kDa beta chain. Calprotectin comprises 60% of the cytoplasmic protein fraction of circulating polymorphonuclear granulocytes and is also found in monocytes, macrophages and ileal tissue eosinophils. Peripheral blood monocytes carry the antigen extra- and intracellularly, neutrophils only intracellularly. Calprotectin has antibacterial, antifungal, immunomodulating and antiproliferative effects. Besides this it is a potent chemotactic factor for neutrophils. Plasma concentrations are elevated in diseases associated with increased neutrophil activity, like inflammatory bowel disease. Granulocytes terminate their existence after transmigration through the intestinal wall. Therefore calprotectin is also detectable in feces. Elevated levels of calprotectin have been observed in body fluids such as plasma, saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, stools, and synovial fluid during infection and inflammatory conditions.This MAb reacts with neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and squamous mucosal epithelia and is important for identifying macrophages in tissue sections.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
This antibody recognizes a protein of 25-26 kDa, identified as the bcl-2 α oncoprotein. It shows no cross-reaction with Bcl-x or Bax protein. Expression of bcl-2 α oncoprotein inhibits the programmed cell death (apoptosis). In most follicular lymphomas, neoplastic germinal centers express high levels of bcl-2 α protein, whereas the normal or hyperplastic germinal centers are negative. Consequently, this antibody is valuable when distinguishing between reactive and neoplastic follicular proliferation in lymph node biopsies. It may also be used in distinguishing between those follicular lymphomas that express bcl-2 protein and the small number in which the neoplastic cells are bcl-2 negative.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
This MAb recognizes an antigen associated with the Golgi complex in human cells only. It can be used to stain the Golgi complex in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a Golgi marker in subcellular fractions. It produces a diffuse staining pattern of the Golgi zone in normal and malignant cells. This MAb is an excellent marker for human cells in xenographic model research. It reacts specifically with human cells. The Golgi apparatus is an organelle present in all eukaryotic cells that forms a part of the endomembrane system. The primary function of the Golgi apparatus is to process and package macromolecules synthesized by the cell for exocytosis or use within the cell. The Golgi is made up of a stack of flattened, membrane-bound sacs known as cisternae, with three functional regions: the cis face, medial region and trans face. Each region consists of various enzymes that selectively modify the macromolecules passing though them, depending on where they are destined to reside. Several spherical vesicles that have budded off of the Golgi are present surrounding the main cisternae.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
This MAb recognizes an antigen associated with the Golgi complex in human cells only. It can be used to stain the Golgi complex in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a Golgi marker in subcellular fractions. It produces a diffuse staining pattern of the Golgi zone in normal and malignant cells. This MAb is an excellent marker for human cells in xenographic model research. It reacts specifically with human cells. The Golgi apparatus is an organelle present in all eukaryotic cells that forms a part of the endomembrane system. The primary function of the Golgi apparatus is to process and package macromolecules synthesized by the cell for exocytosis or use within the cell. The Golgi is made up of a stack of flattened, membrane-bound sacs known as cisternae, with three functional regions: the cis face, medial region and trans face. Each region consists of various enzymes that selectively modify the macromolecules passing though them, depending on where they are destined to reside. Several spherical vesicles that have budded off of the Golgi are present surrounding the main cisternae.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
ZAP70 is a 70 kDa protein tyrosine kinase found in T-cells and natural killer cells.Control of this protein translation is via the IgVH gene. ZAP70 protein is expressed in leukemic cells of approximately 25% of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cases as well.Anti-ZAP70 expression is an excellent surrogate marker for the distinction between the Ig-mutated (anti-ZAP70 negative) and Ig-unmutated (anti-ZAP70 positive) CLL subtypes and can identify patient groups with divergent clinical courses. The anti-ZAP70 positive Ig-unmutated CLL cases have been shown to have a poorer prognosis.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
Cytokeratin 8 (CK8) belongs to the type II (or B or basic) subfamily of high molecular weight cytokeratins and exists in combination with cytokeratin 18 (CK18). CK8 is primarily found in the non-squamous epithelia and is present in majority of adenocarcinomas and ductal carcinomas. It is absent in squamous cell carcinomas. Hepatocellular carcinomas are defined by the use of antibodies that recognize only cytokeratin 8 and 18. CK8 exists on several types of normal and neoplastic epithelia, including many ductal and glandular epithelia such as colon, stomach, small intestine, trachea, and esophagus as well as in transitional epithelium. Anti-CK8 does not react with skeletal muscle or nerve cells. Epithelioid sarcoma, chordoma, and adamantinoma show strong positivity corresponding to that of simple epithelia (with antibodies against CK8, CK18 and CK19). Reportedly, anti-CK8 is useful for the differentiation of lobular ring-like, perinuclear from ductal peripheral-predominant carcinoma of the breast.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
Recognizes a protein of 40 kDa, identified as cytokeratin-19 (CK19), which is expressed in sweat gland, mammary gland ductal and secretory cells, bile ducts, gastrointestinal tract, bladder urothelium, oral epithelia, esophagus, and ectocervical epithelium. Anti-CK19 reacts with a wide variety of epithelial malignancies including adenocarcinomas of the colon, stomach, pancreas, biliary tract, liver, and breast. Perhaps the most useful application is the identification of thyroid carcinoma of the papillary type, although 50%-60% of follicular carcinomas are also labeled. Anti-CK19 is a useful marker for detection of tumor cells in lymph nodes, peripheral blood, bone marrow and breast cancer.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
This MAb recognizes proteins of 19-22 kDa (reducing) and 38 kDa-44 kDa (non-reducing), identified as various isoforms of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor or Vascular Permeability Factor (VEGF/VPF). It is highly specific to VEGF, which is a homodimeric, disulfide-linked glycoprotein with a close homology to platelet derived growth factor (PDGF). There are multiple isoforms of VEGF containing 206-, 189-, 165-, and 121-amino acid residues. The smaller two isoforms, VEGF165 and VEGF121, are secreted proteins and act as diffusible agents, whereas the larger two remain cell associated. VEGF/VPF plays an important role in angiogenesis, which promotes tumor progression and metastasis.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
Recognizes a protein of 94 kDa, which is identified as the glucose-regulated protein 94 (grp94) and also tumor rejection antigen (gp96). Grp94 shows a high degree of sequence homology with the heat shock protein 90 (hsp90). This MAb is highly specific to grp94 and shows minimal cross-reaction with other members of the HSP90 family. Grp s are a class of proteins unresponsive to heat shock and are induced by glucose deprivation. Grp94 has been briefly studied as a prognostic factor in breast cancer.
Numéro de catalogue:
(BNUM0863-50)
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a glycosylphospatidyl inositol-anchored membrane protein, which may also be found in a secreted form. Anti-GPC3 has been identified as a useful tumor marker for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatoblastoma, melanoma, testicular germ cell tumors, and Wilm s tumor. In patients with HCC, GPC3 is overexpressed in neoplastic liver tissue and elevated in serum, but is undetectable in normal liver, benign liver, and the serum of healthy donors. GPC3 expression is also found to be higher in HCC liver tissue than in cirrhotic liver or liver with focal lesions such as dysplastic nodules and areas of hepatic adenoma (HA) with malignant transformation. In the context of testicular germ cell tumors, GPC3 expression is up regulated in certain histologic subtypes, specifically yolk sac tumors and choriocarcinoma. A high level of GPC3 expression is also found in some types of embryonal tumors, such as Wilm s tumor and hepatoblastoma, with a low or undetectable expression in normal adjacent tissue. In patients with thyroid cancer, expression of GPC3 is dramatically enhanced in certain types of cancers: 100% in follicular carcinoma and 70% in papillary carcinoma. Expression of GPC3 in follicular carcinoma is significantly higher than that of follicular adenoma. In contrast, GPC3 is not expressed in anaplastic carcinoma.
UOM:
1 * 50 µl
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
This antibody cocktail recognizes three melanoma-specific proteins, which include MART-1, Tyrosinase and gp100. MART-1 is a newly identified melanocyte differentiation antigen recognized by autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Tyrosinase is one of the targets for cytotoxic T-cell recognition in melanoma patients. The function of gp100 is not known but it is reported to be a useful marker for melanocytes and melanomas. This cocktail of three markers is designed for extremely sensitive labeling of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded melanomas and other tumors showing melanocytic differentiation.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
MITF (microphthalmia transcription factor) is a basic helix-loop-helix-leucine-zipper (bHLH-Zip) transcription factor that regulates the development and survival of melanocytes and retinal pigment epithelium, and also is involved in transcription of pigmentation enzyme genes such as tyrosinase TRP1 and TRP2. MITF has been shown to be phosphorylated by MAP kinase in response to c-kit activation, resulting in upregulation of MITF transcriptional activity. Mutations of the MITF gene are associated with the autosomal dominant hereditary deafness and pigmentation condition, Waardenburg Syndrome type 2A. Multiple isoforms of MITF exist, including MITF-A, MITF-B, MITF-C, MITF-H, and MITF-M, which differ in the amino-terminal domain and in their expression patterns. The MITF-M isoform is restricted to the melanocyte cell lineage. Anti-MITF, D5, recognizes a nuclear protein, which is expressed in the majority of primary and metastatic epithelioid malignant melanomas as well as in normal melanocytes, benign nevi and dysplastic nevi.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
MITF (microphthalmia transcription factor) is a basic helix-loop-helix-leucine-zipper (bHLH-Zip) transcription factor that regulates the development and survival of melanocytes and retinal pigment epithelium, and also is involved in transcription of pigmentation enzyme genes such as tyrosinase TRP1 and TRP2. MITF has been shown to be phosphorylated by MAP kinase in response to c-kit activation, resulting in upregulation of MITF transcriptional activity. Mutations of the MITF gene are associated with the autosomal dominant hereditary deafness and pigmentation condition, Waardenburg Syndrome type 2A. Multiple isoforms of MITF exist, including MITF-A, MITF-B, MITF-C, MITF-H, and MITF-M, which differ in the amino-terminal domain and in their expression patterns. The MITF-M isoform is restricted to the melanocyte cell lineage. Anti-MITF, D5, recognizes a nuclear protein, which is expressed in the majority of primary and metastatic epithelioid malignant melanomas as well as in normal melanocytes, benign nevi and dysplastic nevi.
Numéro de catalogue:
(BNUM0961-50)
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
Recognizes a protein of 12 kDa, identified as β-2 microglobulin. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class 1 molecules bind to antigens for presentation on the surface of cells. The proteasome is responsible for producing these antigens from the components of foreign pathogens. MHC class 1 molecules consist of an α heavy chain that contains three subdomains (α1, α2, α3) and a non-covalent associating light chain, known as β-2-Microglobulin. β-2-Microglobulin associates with the α3 subdomain of the α heavy chain and forms an immunoglobulin domain-like structure that mediates proper folding and expression of MHC class 1 molecules. The α1 and α2 domains of the α heavy chain form the peptide antigen-binding cleft. Mutations in the β-2-Microglobulin gene can enhance the progression of malignant melanoma phenotypes.
UOM:
1 * 50 µl
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
This MAb recognizes a protein of 145 kDa, identified as CD117/p145kit. It is found on a wide variety of tumor cells including follicular and papillary carcinoma of thyroid, adenocarcinomas from endometrium, lung, ovary, pancreas, and breast as well as malignant melanoma, endodermal sinus tumor, and small cell carcinoma. However, anti-CD117 has been particularly useful in differentiating gastrointestinal stromal tumors from Kaposi's sarcoma, tumors of smooth muscle origin, fibromatosis, and neural tumors of the GI tract. Anti-CD117 is also useful in recognizing myeloblasts in bone marrow biopsy and clot section.
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