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Biotium
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
The onset of angiogenesis is believed to be an early event in tumorigenesis and may facilitate tumor progression and metastasis. Several growth factors with angiogenic activity have been described. These include Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Placenta Growth Factor (PLGF). Placenta growth factor (PLGF) is a secreted protein primarily produced by placental trophoblasts but also expressed in other endothelial cells and tumors. There are three isoforms, PLGF-1, PLGF-2, and PLGF-3. PLGF-2 is expressed up until week 8 in the placenta; the placental tissues continuously express PLGF-1 and PLGF-3 but only PLGF-1 is found in colon and mammary carcinomas. PLGF acts to stimulate angiogenesis, endothelial growth and migration. PLGF is a powerful promoter of tumor growth and is upregulated in some cancers, and PLGF is thought to aid in atherosclerotic lesions and neovascular growth surrounding the lesion. Also, PLGF appears to aid aldosterone mediated atherosclerosis. Serum levels of PLGF in some cases are used as a potential biomarker for disease or genetic defect. Recent research indicates that PLGF levels are lower in mothers with Down syndrome fetuses. Evidence has suggested VEGF to be an obligatory component in PLGF signaling. While VEGF homodimers and VEGF/PLGF heterodimers function as potent mediators of mitogenic and chemotactic responses in endothelial cells, PLGF homodimers are effectual only at extremely high concentrations. Indeed, many of the physiological effects attributed to VEGF may actually be a result of VEGF/PLGF. VEGF and PLGF share a common receptor, Flt-1, and may also activate Flk-1/KDR.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
Actin is a major component of the cytoskeleton and is present in most cell types. It is highly specific to actin from smooth muscles. This MAb does not stain cardiac or skeletal muscle; however, it does stain myofibroblasts and myoepithelial cells. This antibody could be used together with anti-muscle specific actin and myogenin in making a diagnosis of smooth muscle and skeletal muscle tumors. In most cases of rhabdomyosarcoma, this antibody yields negative results whereas anti-muscle specific actin and myogenin are positive. Leiomyosarcomas are positive only with anti-muscle specific actin and anti-smooth muscle actin and are negative with anti-myogenin.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
This MAb is highly specific to testosterone. Its affinity constant for testosterone is ~1010M-1. In competitive binding immunoassay, it reacts with testosterone 100%, 11-beta-hydroxy testosterone 3.3%, 17-alpha-methyl testosterone
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
This MAb is highly specific to testosterone. Its affinity constant for testosterone is ~1010M-1. In competitive binding immunoassay, it reacts with testosterone 100%, 11-beta-hydroxy testosterone 3.3%, 17-alpha-methyl testosterone
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
CD31 (PECAM-1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein member of the immunoglobulin supergene family of adhesion molecules. CD31 is expressed by stem cells of the hematopoietic system and is primarily used to identify and concentrate these cells for experimental studies as well as for bone marrow transplantation. Anti-CD31 has shown to be highly specific and sensitive for vascular endothelial cells. Staining of nonvascular tumors (excluding hematopoietic neoplasms) is rare. CD31 MAb reacts with normal, benign, and malignant endothelial cells which make up blood vessel lining. The level of CD31 expression can help to determine the degree of tumor angiogenesis, and a high level of CD31 expression may imply a rapidly growing tumor and potentially a predictor of tumor recurrence.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
This MAb recognizes a single chain, transmembrane, heavily glycosylated protein of 90-120 kDa, which is identified as CD34. Its expression is a hallmark for identifying pluripotent hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells. Its expression is gradually lost as lineage committed progenitors differentiate. CD34 is a marker of choice for staining blasts in acute myeloid leukemia. In addition, CD34 is expressed by soft tissue tumors, such as solitary fibrous tumor and gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Its expression is also found in vascular endothelium. Additionally, it appears that proliferating endothelial cells express this molecule more than the non-proliferating endothelial cells. Anti-CD34 labels > 85% of angiosarcoma and Kaposi's sarcoma, but with a lower specificity.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
CD45R, also designated CD45 and PTPRC, has been identified as a transmembrane glycoprotein, broadly expressed among hematopoietic cells. Multiple isoforms of CD45R are distributed throughout the immune system according to cell type. These isoforms arise because of alternative splicing of exons 4, 5, and 6. The corresponding protein domains are characterized by the binding of monoclonal antibodies specific for CD45RA (exon 4), CD45RB (exon 5), CD45RC (exon 6) and CD45RO (exons 4 to 6 spliced out). The variation in these isoforms is localized to the extracellular domain of CD45R, while the intracellular domain is conserved. CD45R functions as a phosphor-tyrosine phosphatase. Antibody to CD45 is useful in differential diagnosis of lymphoid tumors from non-hematopoietic undifferentiated neoplasms.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
CD11b is a cell adhesion molecule that acts as a receptor for cell surface ligands such as intracellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) or soluble ligands. Integrins are heterodimeric proteins that contain an a chain and b chain. Integrin αM combines with the Integrin β2 to form a leukocyte-specific integrin referred to as macrophage receptor 1 (Mac-1), or inactivated-C3b (iC3b) receptor 3 (CR3). Integrin αM/β2 is important in the adherence of neutrophils and monocytes to stimulated endothelium, and also in the phagocytosis of complement coated particles. The protein CD11b has been implicated in the various adhesion-related interactions of cells such as monocytes, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and granulocytes. It is part of a heterodimer that consists of CD11b and CD18. It also modulates the uptake of complement-coated particles within the cell. It is commonly used as a microglial marker in tissues derived from the nervous system.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
CD11b is a cell adhesion molecule that acts as a receptor for cell surface ligands such as intracellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) or soluble ligands. Integrins are heterodimeric proteins that contain an a chain and b chain. Integrin αM combines with the Integrin β2 to form a leukocyte-specific integrin referred to as macrophage receptor 1 (Mac-1), or inactivated-C3b (iC3b) receptor 3 (CR3). Integrin αM/β2 is important in the adherence of neutrophils and monocytes to stimulated endothelium, and also in the phagocytosis of complement coated particles. The protein CD11b has been implicated in the various adhesion-related interactions of cells such as monocytes, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and granulocytes. It is part of a heterodimer that consists of CD11b and CD18. It also modulates the uptake of complement-coated particles within the cell. It is commonly used as a microglial marker in tissues derived from the nervous system.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
CD11b is a cell adhesion molecule that acts as a receptor for cell surface ligands such as intracellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) or soluble ligands. Integrins are heterodimeric proteins that contain an a chain and b chain. Integrin αM combines with the Integrin β2 to form a leukocyte-specific integrin referred to as macrophage receptor 1 (Mac-1), or inactivated-C3b (iC3b) receptor 3 (CR3). Integrin αM/β2 is important in the adherence of neutrophils and monocytes to stimulated endothelium, and also in the phagocytosis of complement coated particles. The protein CD11b has been implicated in the various adhesion-related interactions of cells such as monocytes, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and granulocytes. It is part of a heterodimer that consists of CD11b and CD18. It also modulates the uptake of complement-coated particles within the cell. It is commonly used as a microglial marker in tissues derived from the nervous system.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
At least five CD1 genes (CD1a, b, c, d, and e) are identified. CD1 proteins have been demonstrated to restrict T cell response to non-peptide lipid and glycolipid antigens and play a role in non-classical antigen presentation. CD1a is a non-polymorphic MHC Class 1 related cell surface glycoprotein, expressed in association with Beta-2 microglobulin. Anti-CD1a labels Langerhans cell histiocytosis (Histiocytosis X), extranodal histiocytic sarcoma, a subset of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia, and interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma of the lymph node. When combined with antibodies against TTF-1 and CD5, anti-CD1a is useful in distinguishing between pulmonary and thymic neoplasms since CD1a is consistently expressed in thymic lymphocytes in both typical and atypical thymomas, but only focally in 1/6 of thymic carcinomas and not in lymphocytes in pulmonary neoplasms. Anti-CD1a is reported to be a new marker for perivascular epithelial cell tumor (PEComa).
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
CD11b is a cell adhesion molecule that acts as a receptor for cell surface ligands such as intracellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) or soluble ligands. Integrins are heterodimeric proteins that contain an a chain and b chain. Integrin αM combines with the Integrin β2 to form a leukocyte-specific integrin referred to as macrophage receptor 1 (Mac-1), or inactivated-C3b (iC3b) receptor 3 (CR3). Integrin αM/β2 is important in the adherence of neutrophils and monocytes to stimulated endothelium, and also in the phagocytosis of complement coated particles. The protein CD11b has been implicated in the various adhesion-related interactions of cells such as monocytes, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and granulocytes. It is part of a heterodimer that consists of CD11b and CD18. It also modulates the uptake of complement-coated particles within the cell. It is commonly used as a microglial marker in tissues derived from the nervous system.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
This antibody neutralises HurTNFamediated cytotoxicity of L929 cells and inhibits tumour growth in mice. It protects mice against toxicity of HurTNFa. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF alpha) is a protein secreted by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, and causes tumor necrosis when injected into tumor bearing mice. TNF alpha is believed to mediate pathogenic shock and tissue injury associated with endotoxemia. TNF alpha exists as a multimer of two, three, or five non-covalently linked units, but shows a single 17 kDa band following SDS PAGE under non-reducing conditions. TNF alpha is closely related to the 25 kDa protein Tumor Necrosis Factor beta (lymphotoxin), sharing the same receptors and cellular actions. TNF alpha causes cytolysis of certain transformed cells, being synergistic with interferon gamma in its cytotoxicity. Although it has little effect on many cultured normal human cells, TNF alpha appears to be directly toxic to vascular endothelial cells. Other actions of TNF alpha include stimulating growth of human fibroblasts and other cell lines, activating polymorphonuclear neutrophils and osteoclasts, and induction of interleukin 1, prostaglandin E2 and collagenase production.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
This MAb reacts with a 200 kDa protein, identified as heavy sub-unit of neurofilaments (NF-H). Neurofilaments make up the main structural elements of axons and dendrites and are found in neurons, peripheral nerves, and sympathetic ganglion cells. Neurofilaments consist of three major subunits with molecular weights of 68 kDa (NF-L), 160 kDa (NF-M) and 200 kDa (NF-H). Anti-neurofilament stains a number of neural, neuroendocrine, and endocrine tumors. Neuromas, ganglioneuromas, gangliogliomas, ganglioneuroblastomas, and neuroblastomas stain positively for anti-neurofilament. Neurofilaments are also present in paragangliomas as well as adrenal and extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas. Carcinoids, neuroendocrine carcinomas of the skin, and oat cell carcinomas of the lung also express neurofilament.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
Recognizes a phosphor-protein of 45 kDa, identified as MyoD1. The epitope of this MAb maps between amino acid 180-189 in the C-terminal of mouse MyoD1 protein. It does not cross react with myogenin, Myf5, or Myf6. Antibody to MyoD1 labels the nuclei of myoblasts in developing muscle tissues. MyoD1 is not detected in normal adult tissue, but is highly expressed in the tumor cell nuclei of rhabdomyosarcomas. Occasionally nuclear expression of MyoD1 is seen in ectomesenchymoma and a subset of Wilm s tumors. Weak cytoplasmic staining is observed in several non-muscle tissues, including glandular epithelium and also in rhabdomyosarcomas, neuroblastomas, Ewing s sarcomas and alveolar soft part sarcomas.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
Cytokeratin 8 (CK8) belongs to the type II (or B or basic) subfamily of high molecular weight cytokeratins and exists in combination with cytokeratin 18 (CK18). This MAb cocktail recognizes all simple epithelia including glandular epithelium, for example thyroid, female breast, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and urogenital tract including transitional epithelium. All adenocarcinomas and most squamous carcinomas are positive but keratinizing squamous carcinomas are usually negative. This antibody is useful in demonstrating the presence of Paget cells; there is very little keratin 18 in the normal epidermis so only Paget cells are stained.Immunohistochemical staining with this MAb is indistinguishable from that obtained with monoclonal antibody 5D3.
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