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Biotium
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
The MUC6 gastric mucin is a secreted glycoprotein that plays an essential role in epithelial cyto-protection from acid, proteases, pathogenic microorganisms, and mechanical trauma in the gastrointestinal tract. Mucin 6 expression is highest in the stomach and gall bladder, with lower expression in the terminal ileum and right colon. In gastric cancer, Mucin 6 has an altered expression. In normal stomach, Mucin 6 is associated with Lewis type 2; Mucin 6 is also expressed in gastric metaplasia, duodenum and pancreas. Mucin 6 is a secretory mucin, located in the deeper mucosal folds of human gall bladder, and its expression is altered with increasing degrees of inflammation.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
Recognizes a protein of 33-37 kDa, identified as CD20 (Workshop V; Code CD20.12). B9E9 recognizes extracellular domain of CD20. The epitope is similar to or identical to that recognized by other CD20 antibodies including Leu-16 and B1. This MAb can be used for immunophenotyping of leukemia and malignant cells, B lymphocyte detection in peripheral blood, B cell localization in tissues and B lymphocyte purification by immunosorbent methods. CD20 is a non-Ig differentiation antigen of B-cells and its expression is restricted to normal and neoplastic B-cells, being absent from all other leukocytes and tissues. CD20 is expressed by pre B-cells and persists during all stages of B-cell maturation but is lost upon terminal differentiation into plasma cells. Protein passes through the membrane 4 times with both ends in cytoplasm and exposes one short and one longer loop to the external environment. CD20 is not glycosylated in resting B cells and its cytoplasmic domains are differentially phosphorylated upon activation. It acts as a calcium channel involved in B-cell activation and cell cycle progression.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
This MAb recognizes basic (Type II or HMW) cytokeratins, which include 67 kDa (CK1); 64 kDa (CK3); 59 kDa (CK4); 58 kDa (CK5); 56 kDa (CK6); 52 kDa (CK8). Twenty human keratins are resolved with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis into acidic (pI 6.0) subfamilies. The acidic keratins have molecular weights (MW) of 56.5, 55, 51, 50, 50 , 48, 46, 45, and 40 kDa. MAb AE3 recognizes the 65-67, 64, 59, 58, 56, and 52 kDa keratins of basic subfamily. Many studies have shown the usefulness of keratins as markers in cancer research and tumor diagnosis. AE1/AE3 is a broad spectrum anti pan-keratin antibody cocktail, which differentiates epithelial tumors from non-epithelial tumors e.g. squamous vs. adenocarcinoma of the lung, liver carcinoma, breast cancer, and esophageal cancer.
Numéro de catalogue:
(BNUM0059-50)
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
This MAb stains the cytoplasm of macrophages and histiocytes in hematopoietic organs, Kupffer s cells of the liver and Langerhan s cells of the skin. Macrophages comprise of many forms of mononuclear phagocytes found in tissues. Mononuclear phagocytes arise from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. After passing through the monoblast and pro-monocyte states of the monocyte stage, they enter the blood, where they circulate for about 40 hours. They then enter tissues and increase in size, phagocytic activity, and lysosomal enzyme content becoming macrophages. Among the functions of macrophages are nonspecific phagocytosis and pinocytosis, specific phagocytosis of opsonized microorganisms mediated by Fc receptors and complement receptors, killing of ingested microorganisms, digestion and presentation of antigens to T and B lymphocytes, and secretion of a large number of diverse products, including many enzymes including lysozyme and collagenases, several complement components and coagulation factors, some prostaglandins and leukotrienes, and many regulatory molecules (Interferon, Interleukin 1). LN-5 selectively stains human sebaceous glands in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skin samples. Undifferentiated sebocyte progenitors are negative, and only sebocytes from the onset of their differentiation reveal positive cytoplasmic staining. Since there are very few selective and easy-to-use markers of sebaceous glands, LN-5 antibody can offer a simple and relatively specific way to detect human sebocytes from the onset of their.
UOM:
1 * 50 µl
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
Cytokeratin 8 (CK8) belongs to the type II (or B or basic) subfamily of high molecular weight cytokeratins and exists in combination with cytokeratin 18 (CK18). CK8 is primarily found in the non-squamous epithelia and is present in majority of adenocarcinomas and ductal carcinomas. It is absent in squamous cell carcinomas. Hepatocellular carcinomas are defined by the use of antibodies that recognize only cytokeratin 8 and 18. CK8 exists on several types of normal and neoplastic epithelia, including many ductal and glandular epithelia such as colon, stomach, small intestine, trachea, and esophagus as well as in transitional epithelium. Anti-CK8 does not react with skeletal muscle or nerve cells. Epithelioid sarcoma, chordoma, and adamantinoma show strong positivity corresponding to that of simple epithelia (with antibodies against CK8, CK18 and CK19). Reportedly, anti-CK8 is useful for the differentiation of lobular (ring-like, perinuclear) from ductal (peripheral-predominant) carcinoma of the breast.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
This MAb reacts with human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). It is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is expressed most abundantly in peripheral blood leukocytes, and mediates host response to Gram-positive bacteria and yeast via stimulation of NF-kappaB.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
Reacts with five invariable CD3 chains (designated as and ) with molecular weight ranging from 16-28 kDa. CD3 is expressed, typically at high levels, on peripheral T cells and majority of T cell neoplasms. Thymocytes express CD3 at different level on the cell surface in the course of differentiation and, in cortical thymus, CD3 is predominantly Intracytoplasmic. The CD3 complex is closely associated at the lymphocyte cell surface with T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and is involved in transducing antigen-recognition signals into cytoplasm of T cells and in regulating the cell surface expression of the TCR complex.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
This MAb reacts with a CD32 (FcgRII) epitope distinct from that defined by MAb 8.26 and the epitope overlaps with that of MAb 7.30 (cluster 4). It displays a stronger reaction with Daudi than with U937 cells. The epitope is located in domain 2 of FcgRIIa. Its Fab'2 fragments block immune complex binding. CD32 (FcgRII) is a type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates several functions including phagocytosis, cytotoxicity, and immunomodulation as well as platelet aggregation. Three genes (A, B, and C) encode CD32 and at least 6 isoforms are generated via alternative mRNA splicing, i.e., IIa1, IIa2, IIb1, IIb2, IIb3 and IIc. Monocytes/macrophages, placental trophoblasts and endothelial cells express all isoforms. In addition, the IIb isoform is expressed by B cells, and the IIa isoform by platelets, granulocytes and, weakly, by B cells. NK cells and neutrophils express Isoform IIc. CD32 binds weakly to the Fc region of monomeric IgG but more strongly to IgG aggregates and immune complexes.
Numéro de catalogue:
(BNUM0230-50)
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
This MAb reacts with human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR4). It is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This receptor has been implicated in signal transduction events induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in most gram-negative bacteria. Mutations in this gene have been associated with differences in LPS responsiveness. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
UOM:
1 * 50 µl
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
Recognizes a protein of 12 kDa, identified as β-2 microglobulin. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class 1 molecules bind to antigens for presentation on the surface of cells. The proteasome is responsible for producing these antigens from the components of foreign pathogens. MHC class 1 molecules consist of an α heavy chain that contains three subdomains (α1, α2, α3) and a non-covalent associating light chain, known as β-2-Microglobulin. β-2-Microglobulin associates with the α3 subdomain of the α heavy chain and forms an immunoglobulin domain-like structure that mediates proper folding and expression of MHC class 1 molecules. The α1 and α2 domains of the α heavy chain form the peptide antigen-binding cleft. Mutations in the β-2-Microglobulin gene can enhance the progression of malignant melanoma phenotypes.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
Recognizes a protein of 12 kDa, identified as β-2 microglobulin. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class 1 molecules bind to antigens for presentation on the surface of cells. The proteasome is responsible for producing these antigens from the components of foreign pathogens. MHC class 1 molecules consist of an α heavy chain that contains three subdomains (α1, α2, α3) and a non-covalent associating light chain, known as β-2-Microglobulin. β-2-Microglobulin associates with the α3 subdomain of the α heavy chain and forms an immunoglobulin domain-like structure that mediates proper folding and expression of MHC class 1 molecules. The α1 and α2 domains of the α heavy chain form the peptide antigen-binding cleft. Mutations in the β-2-Microglobulin gene can enhance the progression of malignant melanoma phenotypes.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
Recognizes a protein of 21 kDa, identified as the Bax protein. This MAb is highly specific to Bax and shows no cross-reaction with Bcl-2 or Bcl-X protein. Bcl-2 blocks cell death following a variety of stimuli. Bax has extensive amino acid homology with Bcl-2 and it homodimerizes and forms heterodimers with Bcl-2. Overexpression of Bax accelerates apoptotic death induced by cytokine deprivation in an IL-3 dependent cell line, and Bax also counters the death repressor activity of Bcl-2.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
This MAb recognizes protein of 26 kDa-60 kDa, which is identified as CD63. Its epitope is different from that of MAb LAMP3/529. The tetraspanins are integral membrane proteins expressed on cell surface and granular membranes of hematopoietic cells and are components of multi-molecular complexes with specific integrins. The tetraspanin CD63 is a lysosomal membrane glycoprotein that translocates to the plasma membrane after platelet activation. CD63 is expressed on activated platelets, monocytes and macrophages, and is weakly expressed on granulocytes, T cell and B cells. It is located on the basophilic granule membranes and on the plasma membranes of lymphocytes and granulocytes. CD63 is a member of the TM4 superfamily of leukocyte glycoproteins that includes CD9, CD37 and CD53, which contain four transmembrane regions. CD63 may play a role in phagocytic and intracellular lysosome-phagosome fusion events. CD63 deficiency is associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome and is strongly expressed during the early stages of melanoma progression.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
This MAb recognizes protein of 26 kDa-60 kDa, which is identified as CD63. Its epitope is different from that of MAb LAMP3/529. The tetraspanins are integral membrane proteins expressed on cell surface and granular membranes of hematopoietic cells and are components of multi-molecular complexes with specific integrins. The tetraspanin CD63 is a lysosomal membrane glycoprotein that translocates to the plasma membrane after platelet activation. CD63 is expressed on activated platelets, monocytes and macrophages, and is weakly expressed on granulocytes, T cell and B cells. It is located on the basophilic granule membranes and on the plasma membranes of lymphocytes and granulocytes. CD63 is a member of the TM4 superfamily of leukocyte glycoproteins that includes CD9, CD37 and CD53, which contain four transmembrane regions. CD63 may play a role in phagocytic and intracellular lysosome-phagosome fusion events. CD63 deficiency is associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome and is strongly expressed during the early stages of melanoma progression.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
This MAb reacts with an extracellular domain (close to transmembrane) of CD56/NCAM. Three isoforms of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) are produced by differential splicing of the RNA transcript from a single gene. The 135 kDa isoform is the basic molecule, which is glycosylated or sialylated to produce the mature species. Anti-CD56 recognizes two proteins of the neural cell adhesion molecule, the basic molecule expressed on most neuroectodermally derived tissues and neoplasms (e.g. retinoblastoma, medulloblastomas, astrocytomas, neuroblastomas, and small cell carcinomas). It is also expressed on some mesodermally derived tumors (rhabdomyosarcoma). Anti-CD56 plays an important role in the diagnosis of nodal and nasal NK/T-cell lymphomas.
Fournisseur:
Biotium
Description:
Recognizes a protein of ~55 kDa, identified as SOX10. This MAb is highly specific and does not cross-react with other members of the SOX-family. SOX genes comprise a family of genes that are related to the mammalian sex-determining gene SRY. These genes similarly contain sequences that encode for the HMG-box domain, which is responsible for the sequence-specific DNA-binding activity. SOX-10 is a sensitive marker of melanoma, including conventional, spindled, and desmoplastic subtypes. It is expressed by metastatic melanomas and nodal capsular nevus in sentinel lymph nodes, but not by other lymph node components such as dendritic cells, which usually express S100 protein. Commonly used melanoma markers, such as anti-HMB-45 and anti-Melan-A, are poorly expressed in desmoplastic melanomas while SOX-10 is moderately to strongly expressed in desmoplastic melanomas. SOX-10 is considered as a very reliable marker for recognizing residual desmoplastic melanomas. In normal tissues, it is expressed in Schwann cells, melanocytes, and myoepithelial cells of salivary, bronchial and mammary glands. SOX-10 expression is also observed in mast cells.
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