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Protéines et Peptides
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
CD40 ligand is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily (Quezada <i>et al.</i>). CD40 ligand forms a bioactive homotrimer that exists as both soluble and membrane-bound forms (Khandekar <i>et al.</i>). CD40 ligand is expressed on T cells, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, platelets, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells. Its receptor, CD40, is expressed on B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes, platelets, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells (van Kooten and Banchereau). Binding of CD40 ligand to CD40 stimulates B cell proliferation, immunoglobulin class switching, antibody secretion, and T cell-dependent humoral responses. Dysregulation of CD40 ligand contributes to immune deficiency in HIV and AIDS (Rickert <i>et al.</i>). CD40 ligand has also been linked to the pathology of atherosclerosis, atherothrombosis, and restenosis (Hassan <i>et al.</i>).
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF-10) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family which is predominantly expressed by mesenchymal fibroblasts during embryonic development (Emoto <i>et al.</i>; Igarashi <i>et al.</i>). It binds with high affinity to fibroblast growth factor receptor 2-IIIb (FGFR2-IIIb), and also has a weaker affinity for FGFR1-IIIb (Beer <i>et al.</i>). FGF-10 and FGF-7 have similar receptor binding properties and target cell specificities but are differentially regulated by components of the extracellular matrix (Emoto <i>et al.</i>; Igarashi <i>et al.</i>). FGF-10 has been shown to mediate epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, which are essential to lung development (Sekine <i>et al.</i>; Ware and Matthay). FGF-10 also has a role in mobilisation and proliferation of lung-resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and protection and repair against acute lung injury (Tong <i>et al.</i>; Ware and Matthay) and endodermal differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to insulin-producing pancreatic-like cells (Takeuchi <i>et al.</i>). This product is animal component-free.
Numéro de catalogue:
(STMC78184.1)
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Fibroblast growth factor 6 (FGF-6) is a heparin-binding member of the FGF family, regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and function. FGF-6 binds and signals through the FGF receptors 1c, 2c, and 4 (Ornitz <i>et al.</i>). FGF-6 is a potent mitogen for fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, and prostate carcinoma cells (Asada <i>et al.</i>; Pizette <i>et al.</i>; Ropiquet <i>et al.</i>). FGF-6 is primarily expressed in epithelial and mesenchymal cell lineages. During development, FGF-6 is expressed in skeletal muscle, consistent with its role in muscle differentiation and regeneration (Floss <i>et al.</i>). FGF-6 has also been shown to promote chondrogenesis in embryonic somites in conjunction with transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-β2; Grass <i>et al.</i>).
UOM:
1 * 1 EA
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Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Oncostatin M (OSM) is a member of interleukin 6 (IL-6) family of cytokines and bears close resemblance to leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in amino acid sequence and its modulation of differentiation in a variety of cell types (Rose and Bruce). OSM signals through type I receptor (consisting of gp130 and LIF receptor [LIFR]) and type II receptor (consisting of gp130 and OSM receptor [OSMR]), which eventually activate the JAK/STAT pathway (Auguste <i>et al.</i>; Gómez-Lechón). OSM is primarily produced by activated T cells and monocytes, and also by activated macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, and dendritic cells. OSM is also produced within the bone microenvironment by cells of both hematopoietic and mesenchymal origin, including osteocytes and osteoblasts. OSM is involved in differentiation, cell proliferation, hematopoiesis, and inflammation, and also has been shown to have implications in liver development and bone formation and resorption (Sims and Quinn; Tanaka and Miyajima). This product is animal component-free.
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Persephin is a neurotrophic factor that belongs to the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family. Persephin shares a large degree of structural similarity to GDNF, artemin, and neurturin, and has overall neuroprotective activity. Persephin signals through GRFα4 (glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked GDNF receptor family member) which signals through the receptor tyrosine kinase RET. Unlike GDNF and neurturin, persephin only promotes the growth and survival of central dopaminergic and motor neurons, but not peripheral neurons (Milbrandt <i>et al.</i>). In vitro persephin only promotes survival of neurons that co-express GPI-linked GRFα4 and RET (Enokido <i>et al.</i>; Lindahl <i>et al.</i>). Mice lacking persephin showed increased cell death after cerebral ischemia, however administration of persephin before ischemia dramatically reduced neuronal cell death (Tomac <i>et al.</i>). This product is animal component-free.
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Persephin is a neurotrophic factor that belongs to the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family. Persephin shares a large degree of structural similarity to GDNF, artemin, and neurturin, and has overall neuroprotective activity. Persephin signals through GRFα4 (glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked GDNF receptor family member) which signals through the receptor tyrosine kinase RET. Unlike GDNF and neurturin, persephin only promotes the growth and survival of central dopaminergic and motor neurons, but not peripheral neurons (Milbrandt <i>et al.</i>). In vitro, persephin only promotes survival of neurons that co-express GPI-linked GRFα4 and RET (Enokido <i>et al.</i>; Lindahl <i>et al.</i>). Mice lacking persephin showed increased cell death after cerebral ischemia, however administration of persephin before ischemia dramatically reduced neuronal cell death (Tomac <i>et al.</i>).
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-165) is a heparin-binding homodimeric glycoprotein involved in embryonic vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. VEGF binds to VEGFR-1 (R1) and VEGFR-2 (R2), and activates Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways (Ferrara <i>et al.</i>). It plays an important role in neurogenesis both in vitro and <i>in vivo</i> (Storkebaum <i>et al.</i>). It has neurotrophic effects on neurons of the central nervous system and promotes growth and survival of dopaminergic neurons and astrocytes. VEGF also promotes growth and survival of vascular endothelial cells, monocyte chemotaxis, and colony formation by granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (Ferrara <i>et al.</i>). VEGF-165 contains two polypeptide chains of 165 amino acids each. This product is animal component-free.
Numéro de catalogue:
(STMC100-1324)
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Use autotaxin (ENPP2) to catalyse the production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a potent mitogen that can evoke growth factor-like responses (Moolenaar and Corven), from lysophospholipids in extracellular fluids. Autotaxin is a secreted glycoprotein that belongs to the ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (ENPP) family, containing two N-terminal somatomedin B (SMB)-like domains, a central phosphodiesterase (PDE) domain with an active catalytic site, and a C-terminal nuclease-like (NUC) domain (Nishimasu <i>et al.</i>). Dysregulation of autotaxin and LPA receptors is implicated in cancer (Tigyi <i>et al.</i>), fibrosis (Ninou <i>et al.</i>), neurological disorders (Roy <i>et al.</i>), and other inflammation-associated conditions. Both Autotaxin and LPA are overexpressed in many cancers and can promote cell proliferation, migration, and resistance to apoptotic death (Tigyi <i>et al.</i>). Autotaxin was also found to catalyse the production of cyclic phosphatidic acid (CPA), an analog of LPA, which has anti-mitogenic and inhibitory effects on tumor cell invasion and metastasis (Fujiwara). This protein contains a His-residue tag at the amino end of the polypeptide chain. For consistency and reproducibility across your applications, Autotaxin from STEMCELL comes lyophilised with ≥85% purity, and endotoxin levels are verified to be ≤1,0 EU/μg protein.
UOM:
1 * 1 EA
New Product
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Numéro de catalogue:
(STMC100-1394)
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Stimulating T cells with HPV16 (E7) Peptide pool releases downstream cytokines and upregulates activation markers, enabling antigen-specific T cells to be detected or isolated for analysis. HPV16 (E7) Peptide pool is a lyophilised mixture of 22 peptides from protein E7 of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) consisting of 15-mer peptides with 11-amino-acid overlaps that cover amino acids 1 to 98 on protein E7. E7 is an oncoprotein that binds and mediates degradation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein pRB (Gonzalez <i>et al.</i>). E7 together with E6 demonstrated the ability to immortalize human keratinocytes in vitro, which likely has significance for HPVs oncogenic potential (Hawley-Nelson <i>et al.</i>). Viral peptide pools are useful for a broad range of applications, including vaccine development, immunological research, and diagnostic assay development.
UOM:
1 * 1 PE
New Product
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Numéro de catalogue:
(STMC100-1385)
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Stimulating T cells with HIV-1 (B Gag) peptide pool releases downstream cytokines and upregulates activation markers, enabling antigen-specific T cells to be detected or isolated for analysis. HIV-1 (B Gag) Peptide Pool is a lyophilised mixture of 123 peptides from the gag polyprotein of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). The pool consists of 15-mer peptides with 11-amino-acid overlaps that cover amino acids 1 to 500 on gag polyprotein. The HIV-1 gag polyprotein is a key mediator of viral particle assembly (Campbell and Rein; Dong <i>et al.</i>), and together with the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT), results in budding during virion release (Carlson <i>et al.</i>). Viral peptide pools are useful for a broad range of applications, including vaccine development, immunological research, and diagnostic assay development.
UOM:
1 * 1 PE
New Product
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Numéro de catalogue:
(STMC100-1384)
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Stimulating T cells with HIV (HLA Class I Control) Peptide pool releases downstream cytokines and upregulates activation markers, enabling antigen-specific T cells to be detected or isolated for analysis. HIV Peptide pool is a lyophilised mixture of 22 peptides from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and consists of defined HLA class I-restricted T cell epitopes. Viral peptide pools are useful for a broad range of applications, including vaccine development, immunological research, and diagnostic assay development.
UOM:
1 * 1 PE
New Product
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Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Monokine induced by interferon-gamma (MIG), or CXCL9, is a member of the CXC chemokine family. MIG is closely related to two other chemokines: CXCL10 and CXCL11, all of which signal through the CXCR3 receptor (Ding <i>et al.</i>). MIG is secreted by a variety of immune cells including T cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and eosinophils, as well as non-immune cells including hepatic stellate cells, preadipocytes, thyrocytes, endothelial cells, tumor cells, fibroblasts, and glial cells of the central nervous system. MIG has also been shown to act as a chemoattractant for activated T cells and for tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs), but not for neutrophils or for monocytes. MIG has also been reported to be both a tumor suppressor and tumor promoter in various types of cancer.
Numéro de catalogue:
(STMC100-1381)
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Stimulating T cells with SARS-CoV-2 (Spike Protein) Delta/B.1.617.2 WT reference peptide pool releases downstream cytokines and upregulates activation markers, enabling antigen-specific T cells to be detected or isolated for analysis. This peptide pool is a lyophilised mixture of 27 peptides from the spike glycoprotein of the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus. Consisting of the wild-type peptides that correspond to the mutated portions of the spike protein found in the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant (B.1.617.2), this pool is recommended to be used as a reference for the SARS-CoV-2 (Spike Protein) Delta/B.1.617.2 Mutation Peptide Pool. Through interactions with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, the spike protein enables the virus to attach to the cell membrane, and plays a critical role in viral entry (Hoffmann <i>et al.</i>; Walls <i>et al.</i>). Viral peptide pools are useful for a broad range of applications, including vaccine development, immunological research, and diagnostic assay development.
UOM:
1 * 1 PE
New Product
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Numéro de catalogue:
(STMC78111.1)
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF-5) is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) subclass of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily. It binds a receptor complex comprising BMPR1B and BMPR2, which then activates the SMAD signaling pathway (Carreira <i>et al.</i>; Nishitoh <i>et al.</i>; Osório <i>et al.</i>). GDF-5 enhances chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, skeletogenesis, and dendrite growth during development (Coleman <i>et al.</i>; Francis-West <i>et al.</i>). Studies in rat demonstrated that GDF-5 regulates patterning, neurogenesis, astrogliogenesis, and neuronal specification (Gajavelli <i>et al.</i>; Krieglstein <i>et al.</i>; O’Keeffe <i>et al.</i>).
UOM:
1 * 1 EA
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Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Activin A is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) family of proteins produced by many cell types throughout development (Gurdon <i>et al.</i>). It is a disulfide-linked homodimer (two beta-A chains) that binds to heteromeric complexes of a type I (Act RI-A and Act RI-B) and a type II (Act RII-A and Act RII-B) serine-threonine kinase receptor (Attisano <i>et al.</i>). Activins primarily signal through SMAD2/3 proteins to regulate a variety of functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, wound healing, apoptosis, and metabolism (McDowell <i>et al.</i>). Activin A maintains the undifferentiated state of human embryonic stem cells (James <i>et al.</i>; Xiao <i>et al.</i>) and also facilitates differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into definitive endoderm (D’Amour <i>et al.</i>).
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a monomeric cytokine that was originally identified as a T cell growth factor (Gaffen and Liu). It binds to heterotrimeric receptors consisting of CD25, CD122, and CD132. Upon binding, it activates JAK3-, STAT5-, and AKT-dependent signaling pathways, which results in cellular proliferation and survival (Ma <i>et al.</i>). The majority of IL-2 is secreted by activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, although B cells and dendritic cells were found to produce IL-2 in small amounts. IL-2 downregulates immune responses to prevent autoimmunity during thymic development, influences the development of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells, and affects development of follicular helper T cells. IL-2 also controls inflammation by inhibiting Th17 differentiation (Banchereau <i>et al.</i>). High IL-2 levels in serum are associated with progression of scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, and gastric and non-small cell lung cancer, though no known disease can be directly attributed to the lack or excess of IL-2 (Gaffen and Liu).
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