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Protéines et Peptides
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family has five heparin-binding members that assemble into four homodimers (PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, PDGF-CC, and PDGF-DD) and one heterodimer (PDGF-AB; Fretto <i>et al.</i>; Li and Eriksson). PDGF signals through the receptor tyrosine kinases PDGFRα and PDGFRβ. It has been shown that PDGF-induced migration involves signaling pathways involving MEK/ERK, EGFR, Src, and PI3K/AKT (Kim <i>et al.</i>). PDGF is a potent mitogen for cells of mesenchymal origin, such as fibroblasts, glial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. PDGF has been implicated in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, glomerulonephritis, cancer, and in the contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells of rat aortic tissues (Fretto <i>et al.</i>; Sachinidis <i>et al.</i>). PDGF-DD promotes growth and survival of renal artery smooth muscle cells and lens epithelial cells, and can act as a macrophage chemoattractant (Changsirikulchai <i>et al.</i>; Lokker <i>et al.</i>; Ray <i>et al.</i>; Uutela <i>et al.</i>).
Numéro de catalogue:
(STMC100-1402)
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Stimulating T cells with HHV6 (U90) Peptide pool releases downstream cytokines and upregulates activation markers, enabling antigen-specific T cells to be detected or isolated for analysis. HHV6 (U90) Peptide pool is a lyophilised mixture of 267 peptides from protein U90 of human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B; strain Z29) and consists of 15-mer peptides with 11-amino-acid overlaps that cover amino acids 1 to 1078 on U90. U89 - U90 RNA expression occurs under immediate-early conditions of infection (Mirandola <i>et al.</i>), and the associated protein exhibits peri-nuclear and cytoplasmic localization (Nikolaou <i>et al.</i>). Also known as immediate-early protein IE1, latency-associated transcripts of HHV6 may function as a source of IE1 during viral reactivation (Kondo <i>et al.</i>). Viral peptide pools are useful for a broad range of applications, including vaccine development, immunological research, and diagnostic assay development.
UOM:
1 * 1 PE
New Product
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Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a dimeric glycoprotein consisting of two disulfide bridge-stabilized polypeptide chains, A and B, which are assembled as heterodimers (PDGF-AB) or homodimers (PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB) (Fretto <i>et al.</i>; Westermark and Heldin). PDGF signals through the receptor tyrosine kinases PDGFRalpha and PDGFRbeta. It has been shown that PDGF-induced migration involves signaling pathways involving MEK/ERK, EGFR, Src, and PI3K/AKT (Kim <i>et al.</i>). PDGF is a potent mitogen for cells of mesenchymal origin, such as fibroblasts, glial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. PDGF has been implicated in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, glomerulonephritis, cancer, and in the contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells of rat aortic tissues (Fretto <i>et al.</i>; Sachinidis <i>et al.</i>). It has been suggested that PDGF-AA is an important autocrine regulator of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in non-small cell lung carcinomas (Shikada <i>et al.</i>). PDGF-AA also mediates proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and oligodendrocyte lineage differentiation through the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) (Hu <i>et al.</i>). PDGF-AA is commonly used to differentiate human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neural progenitor cells into oligodendrocyte precursor cells (Piao <i>et al.</i>).
Numéro de catalogue:
(STMC100-1398)
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Stimulating T cells with BKV (LT) Peptide pool releases downstream cytokines and upregulates activation markers, enabling antigen-specific T cells to be detected or isolated for analysis. BKV Peptide pool is a lyophilised mixture of 171 peptides from the Large T (LT) antigen of BK polyomavirus (BKV), and consists of 15-mer peptides with 11-amino-acid overlaps that cover amino acids 1 to 695 on LT antigen. LT antigen is an early viral protein (Low <i>et al.</i>) that contributes to the transformation and maintenance of host cells (Nakshatri <i>et al.</i>). It has been found to bind to a subset of tumor suppressor proteins (Harris <i>et al.</i>), and its co-expression with p53 has been observed in polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (Seemayer <i>et al.</i>). Viral peptide pools are useful for a broad range of applications, including vaccine development, immunological research, and diagnostic assay development.
UOM:
1 * 1 PE
New Product
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Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) is synthesized as an inactive precursor protein or pro-IL-1β. This precursor is cleaved intracellularly by caspase 1 (IL-1β convertase) to form the active form of the protein that is later secreted (Allan <i>et al.</i>). IL-1β binds to IL-1 receptor and activates intracellular signaling via the MAPK or NF-κB pathway. IL-1β is released by monocytes, tissue macrophages, and dendritic cells in response to infection or injury and induces expression of acute-phase proteins. It also promotes the infiltration of inflammatory and immunocompetent cells from the circulation into the extravascular space and affected tissues, by stimulating the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells. IL-1β also affects other immune cells; for example, it co-stimulates T cell functions together with an antigen or mitogen. It also stimulates Th17 differentiation and B cell proliferation in an IL-6-dependent manner.
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) is a member of the IL-1 family and a dual-function cytokine. Both the unprocessed precursor and a processed IL-1α protein signal through IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1). Various cells, including keratinocytes, thymic epithelium, hepatocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and the epithelial cells of mucous membranes, have high levels of intracellular IL-1α precursor. The precursor is also expressed on the surface of monocytes and B lymphocytes (Netea <i>et al.</i>). IL-1α recruits infiltrating cells to a site of injury during necrosis and plays an important role during processes of sterile inflammation (Cohen <i>et al.</i>; Rider <i>et al.</i>). During hypoxia, IL-1α contributes to angiogenesis (Carmi <i>et al.</i>). Studies in mice show that IL-1α is produced by microglia-like cells after ischemic brain injury, which contributes to the inflammation (Luheshi <i>et al.</i>).
Numéro de catalogue:
(STMC100-0818)
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Fluorescent dye conjugates for staining cell membranes of gram-positive bacteria, mammalian cells, and yeast bud scars - 1000 µg.
UOM:
1 * 1 EA
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Numéro de catalogue:
(STMC100-0854)
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Fluorescent dye conjugates for detection of F-actin in cell culture experiments - 300 tests.
UOM:
1 * 1 EA
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Numéro de catalogue:
(STMC100-0510)
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
FRET-based peptide substrate for detection of protease activity of coronaviruses - 1000 tests.
UOM:
1 * 1 EA
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Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Interleukin 31 (IL-31), a four-helix bundle inflammatory cytokine, belongs to the IL-6 cytokine family which includes IL-6, oncostatin M, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and cardiotrophin-1 ( Dillon <i>et al.</i>). IL-31 signals through a heterodimer composed of IL-31RA (also known as gp130-like receptor or GPL) and the oncostatin-M receptor (OSMR), both of which are expressed on monocytes (Diveu <i>et al.</i>; Ghilardi <i>et al.</i>), epithelial cells (Ip <i>et al.</i>), and keratinocytes (Kato <i>et al.</i>). Signaling through the GPL/OSMR complex activates the JAK/STAT, RAS/ERK, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, resulting in the downstream activation of STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 transcription factors (Cornelissen <i>et al.</i>; Dambacher <i>et al.</i>; Dillon <i>et al.</i>; Ip <i>et al.</i>). IL-31 responses have been associated with allergic responses and inflammatory skin diseases including atopic dermatitis (Cornelissen <i>et al.</i>; Gangemi <i>et al.</i>).
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Stem cell factor (SCF) is an early-acting cytokine that plays a pivotal role in the regulation of embryonic and adult hematopoiesis. SCF promotes cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and functional activation of cells at multiple levels of the hematopoietic hierarchy. Together with other cytokines such as thrombopoietin and Flt3/Flk-2 Ligand, SCF is commonly used to promote expansion of primitive hematopoietic stem cells and multi-potent progenitor cells in culture (Martin <i>et al.</i>; Kent <i>et al.</i>). In synergy with various growth factors, including IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, IL-7, G-CSF, and erythropoietin, SCF increases proliferation and differentiation of myeloid and erythroid progenitor cells and a subset of lymphoid progenitor cells (Broudy). SCF is also a primary growth and activation factor for mast cells and eosinophils. SCF exists in two biologically active splice forms: a soluble and a transmembrane isoform. Upon binding to its receptor (c-Kit tyrosine kinase receptor; CD117), it activates PI3K, JAK/STAT, and MAPK pathways. SCF and signaling from c-Kit have also been reported to play an important role in pigmentation, fertility, vasculogenesis, motility of the gut via c-Kit positive interstitial cells of Cajal, and in the migration of neuronal stem and progenitor cells to sites of injury in the brain. This product is animal component-free.
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a member of the CSF family of glycoproteins that regulate hematopoietic cell proliferation, differentiation, and function. It is a key cytokine involved in the production of neutrophils and the stimulation of granulocyte colony formation from hematopoietic progenitor cells (Metcalf and Nicola). G-CSF causes a range of effects including a transient reduction of SDF-1 expression (Petit <i>et al.</i>), the activation of metalloproteases that cleave VCAM-1 (Levesque <i>et al.</i>), and the release of norepinephrine from the sympathetic nervous system (Katayama <i>et al.</i>), leading to the release or mobilisation of hematopoietic stem cells from the bone marrow into the periphery. The G-CSF receptor is expressed on a variety of hematopoietic cells, including myeloid-committed progenitor cells, neutrophils, granulocytes, and monocytes. In addition to hematopoietic cells, G-CSF is also expressed in cardiomyocytes, neuronal cells, mesothelial cells, and endothelial cells. Binding of G-CSF to its receptor leads to activation of the JAK/STAT, MAPK, PI3K, and AKT signal transduction pathways. This product is animal component-free.
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily. BMP-2 is a disulfide-linked homodimer, acts as a ligand for complexes of type I and II BMP receptors, and primarily activates SMAD1/5/8 signaling (Nohe <i>et al.</i>). BMP-2 is a potent differentiation factor and directs human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) towards various cell types including extra-embryonic endoderm, mesenchymal cells, and chondrocytes (Pera <i>et al.</i>). Although BMP-2 expression is low in healthy cartilage, its expression is upregulated at the site of cartilage damage (Blaney Davidson <i>et al.</i>). BMP-2 induces bone and cartilage formation in vitro and is able to induce chondrogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells (Schmitt <i>et al.</i>). This product is animal component-free.
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Transforming growth factor (TGF) beta 3 is a member of the TGF-β superfamily and regulates diverse cellular phenotypes. TGF-beta 3 binds to serine-threonine kinase type I and II receptors and activates signal transduction through SMAD2/3 proteins, thus regulating a variety of functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, wound healing, apoptosis, and metabolism (Massagué; McDowell <i>et al.</i>). TGF-beta 3 enhances glycosaminoglycan production by mesenchymal stromal cells, stimulates scar-free healing, and improves glucose tolerance and phenotypic changes in adipocyte morphology (Hall <i>et al.</i>; Holton <i>et al.</i>). TGF-beta 3 induces proliferation of posterofrontal suture-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, and stimulates expression of fibroblast growth factors 2 and 18 (James <i>et al.</i>). This product is animal component-free.
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Interleukin 19 (IL-19) is a member of the IL-10 cytokine family and is produced by keratinocytes, B cells, and monocytes (Romer <i>et al.</i>; Wolk <i>et al.</i>). Expression of IL-19 can be induced by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS; Gallagher <i>et al.</i>). IL-19 is considered to be a proinflammatory cytokine, as it upregulates IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α; Liao <i>et al.</i> 2002). IL-19 binds the IL-20 receptor complex (IL-20R) which comprises IL-20R alpha and IL-20R beta to activate the STAT3 pathway (Dumoutier <i>et al.</i>). IL-19 also induces T-helper cell differentiation towards a Th2 response, resulting in the production of IL-10 and additional IL-19 (Liao <i>et al.</i> 2002; Liao <i>et al.</i> 2004). IL-19 has been implicated in aging, vascular disease, Type I diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) promotes the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells and the generation of neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages. In synergy with other cytokines such as stem cell factor, IL-3, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin, it also stimulates erythroid and megakaryocyte progenitor cells (Barreda <i>et al.</i>). GM-CSF is produced by multiple cell types, including stromal cells, Paneth cells, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, chondrocytes, and Th1 and Th17 cells (Francisco-Cruz <i>et al.</i>). The receptor for GM-CSF (GM-CSFR) is composed of two subunits: the cytokine-specific α subunit (GMRα; CD116) and the common subunit βc (CD131) shared with IL-3 and IL-5 receptors (Broughton <i>et al.</i>). GM-CSFR is expressed on hematopoietic cells, including progenitor cells and immune cells, as well as non-hematopoietic cells. GM-CSF is able to stimulate the development of DCs that ingest, process, and present antigens to the immune system (Francisco-Cruz <i>et al.</i>).
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