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Protéines et Peptides
Numéro de catalogue:
(STMC100-0934)
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
R-Spondin-3 is a member of thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR-1) superfamily that is involved in the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (de Lau <i>et al.</i>). R-spondin proteins are characterized by two furin-like repeats at the amino terminus and thrombospondin domain located near the carboxyl terminus (de Lau <i>et al.</i>). R-spondin-3 expression is associated with ovarian cancer (Gu <i>et al.</i>), prostate cancer (Mesci <i>et al.</i>), and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells in diabetes mellitus (Shan <i>et al.</i>). In a transgenic mice model, the expression of R-Spondin-3 induces the expansion of Lgr5+ stem cells, Paneth cells, and Lgr4+ cells, promoting the intestinal stem cell compartment (Hilkens <i>et al.</i>). This protein contains a His-residue tag at the carboxyl end of the polypeptide chain.
UOM:
1 * 1 EA
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Numéro de catalogue:
(STMC100-0943)
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily (Anderson <i>et al.</i>). Cytokines in the TNF superfamily are involved in a variety of long-term cellular activities such as differentiation, proliferation, and cell death (MacEwan). RANKL is a type II homotrimeric transmembrane protein expressed in both a membrane-bound and secreted form (Ikeda <i>et al.</i>). RANKL binds to the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK). Upon binding to its receptor, RANKL activates the AKT signaling pathway (Moon <i>et al.</i>). Osteoprotegerin (OPG) may also bind RANKL, and this binding competes with RANKL-RANK binding (Lacey <i>et al.</i>). RANKL is involved in osteoclastogenesis (Lacey <i>et al.</i>; Yasuda <i>et al.</i>) and T cell activation (Wong <i>et al.</i>). This product is animal component-free.
UOM:
1 * 1 EA
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Numéro de catalogue:
(STMC100-1400)
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Stimulating T cells with JCV (VP1) Peptide pool releases downstream cytokines and upregulates activation markers, enabling antigen-specific T cells to be detected or isolated for analysis. This peptide pool is a lyophilised mixture of 86 peptides from major capsid protein VP1 (VP1) of the JC polyomavirus (JCV), and consists of 15-mer peptides with 11-amino-acid overlaps that cover amino acids 1 to 354 on VP1. VP1 binds LSTc oligosaccharides found on host cell glycoproteins and glycolipids, and this interaction is said to be essential for JCV viral growth and infectivity (Neu <i>et al.</i>). The JCV VP1 (Del Valle <i>et al.</i>) and large T antigen (LT) (Delbue <i>et al.</i>) are detected in JCV-associated pathologies such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in patients with HIV. Viral peptide pools are useful for a broad range of applications, including vaccine development, immunological research, and diagnostic assay development.
UOM:
1 * 1 PE
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Numéro de catalogue:
(STMC100-1420)
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Stimulating T cells with SARS-CoV-2 (Spike Protein) Omicron/B.1.1.529 Peptide Pool releases downstream cytokines and upregulates activation markers, enabling antigen-specific T cells to be detected or isolated for analysis. This pool is provided as two lyophilised mixtures (subpools) from the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529), which contain 158 and 157 peptides, respectively, for a total of 315 peptides. They consist of 15-mer peptides with 11-amino-acid overlaps that cover amino acids 1 to 1270 on the spike protein. Through interactions with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, the spike protein enables the virus to attach to the cell membrane, and plays a critical role in viral entry (Hoffmann <i>et al.</i>; Walls <i>et al.</i>). Viral peptide pools are useful for a broad range of applications, including vaccine development, immunological research, and diagnostic assay development.
UOM:
1 * 1 PE
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Numéro de catalogue:
(STMC100-1406)
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Stimulating T cells with HHV1 (gD) Peptide pool releases downstream cytokines and upregulates activation markers, enabling antigen-specific T cells to be detected or isolated for analysis. HHV1 (gD) Peptide pool is a lyophilised mixture of 96 peptides from envelope glycoprotein D of human herpesvirus 1 (HHV1; strain Patton), and consists of 15-mer peptides with 11-amino-acid overlaps that cover amino acids 1 to 394 on gD. gD is required at the first stage of virus-induced membrane fusion (Subramanian and Geraghty), which likely occurs via binding to receptors such as nectin-1 (Giovine <i>et al.</i>) and HVEM (Connolly <i>et al.</i>) on cell surfaces. Viral peptide pools are useful for a broad range of applications, including vaccine development, immunological research, and diagnostic assay development.
UOM:
1 * 1 PE
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Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Interleukin 21 (IL-21) is a pleiotropic cytokine that is composed of four α-helical bundles and primarily produced by natural killer T (NKT) cells, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, and Th17 cells (Spolski and Leonard 2008). IL-21 signals via receptor heterodimerization of IL-21 receptor and IL-2 receptor subunit gamma (IL-2RG or CD132), both of which have a common gamma-chain subunit and activate the JAK/STAT, MAPK, and PI3K pathways (Parrish-Novak <i>et al.</i>; Ozaki <i>et al.</i> 2000; Spolski and Leonard 2014). IL-21 has been shown to have a critical role in regulating immunoglobulin production and differentiation of the pro-inflammatory Th17 population of cells (Ozaki <i>et al.</i> 2002; Nurieva <i>et al.</i>). Additionally, IL-21 specifically sustains CD8+ T cell effector activity and provides a mechanism of CD4+ T cell help during chronic viral infection (Elsaesser <i>et al.</i>). IL-21 signaling was also found critical for the development of type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice (Sutherland <i>et al.</i>) and control of T cell autoimmunity by regulatory B cells (Yoshizaki <i>et al.</i>).
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a monomeric cytokine that was originally identified as a T cell growth factor (Gaffen and Liu). It binds to heterotrimeric receptors consisting of CD25, CD122, and CD132. Upon binding, it activates JAK3-, STAT5-, and AKT-dependent signaling pathways, which results in cellular proliferation and survival (Ma <i>et al.</i>). The majority of IL-2 is secreted by activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, although B cells and dendritic cells were found to produce IL-2 in small amounts. IL-2 downregulates immune responses to prevent autoimmunity during thymic development, influences the development of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells, and affects development of follicular helper T cells. IL-2 also controls inflammation by inhibiting Th17 differentiation (Banchereau <i>et al.</i>). High IL-2 levels in serum are associated with progression of scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, and gastric and non-small cell lung cancer, though no known disease can be directly attributed to the lack or excess of IL-2 (Gaffen and Liu).
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a dimeric glycoprotein consisting of two disulfide bridge-stabilized polypeptide chains, A and B, which are assembled as heterodimers (PDGF-AB) or homodimers (PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB) (Fretto <i>et al.</i>; Westermark and Heldin). PDGF signals through the receptor tyrosine kinases PDGFRalpha and PDGFRbeta. PDGF-induced migration has been shown to involve MEK/ERK, EGFR, Src, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways (Kim <i>et al.</i>). PDGF is a potent mitogen for cells of mesenchymal origin- like fibroblasts, glial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. PDGF has been implicated in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, glomerulonephritis, cancer, and in the contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells of rat aortic tissues (Fretto <i>et al.</i>; Sachinidis <i>et al.</i>). PDGF-BB is secreted by osteoblasts to induce mesenchymal stem cell migration and angiogenesis. It has also been shown that PDGF-BB is secreted by preosteoclasts during bone modeling and remodeling to induce angiogenesis and thus proper osteogenesis (Xie <i>et al.</i>). This product is animal component-free.
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Activin A is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) family of proteins produced by many cell types throughout development (Gurdon <i>et al.</i>). It is a disulfide-linked homodimer (two beta-A chains) that binds to heteromeric complexes of a type I (Act RI-A and Act RI-B) and a type II (Act RII-A and Act RII-B) serine-threonine kinase receptor (Attisano <i>et al.</i>). Activins primarily signal through SMAD2/3 proteins to regulate a variety of functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, wound healing, apoptosis, and metabolism (McDowell <i>et al.</i>). Activin A maintains the undifferentiated state of human embryonic stem cells (James <i>et al.</i>; Xiao <i>et al.</i>) and also facilitates differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into definitive endoderm (D’Amour <i>et al.</i>). This product is animal component-free.
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a prototypic member of the fibroblast growth factor family. Cytokines in the FGF family possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities (Folkman and Klagsbrun; Kimelman and Kirschner) and are involved in a variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis (Folkman and Klagsbrun; Klagsbrun; Rifkin and Moscatelli). bFGF has the β-trefoil structure (Ponting and Russell), binds to the four FGF receptor (FGFR) family members, and activates JAK/STAT, PI3K, ERK1/2, and other receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling pathways. It supports the maintenance of undifferentiated human pluripotent stem cells (Xu <i>et al.</i>; Kang <i>et al.</i>), stimulates human pluripotent stem cells to form neural rosettes (Zhang <i>et al.</i>), and improves proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells and enhances chondrogenic differentiation (Solchaga <i>et al.</i>). This version of bFGF is the full-length bFGF protein encoded by the human FGF2 gene consisting of 154 amino acid residues. This product is animal component-free.
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a homodimeric glycoprotein growth factor that regulates proliferation and differentiation of myeloid hematopoietic progenitors to mononuclear phagocytic cell lineages, including monocytes, macrophages, and osteoclasts. M-CSF is a crucial factor for the development of tissue-resident macrophages in most tissues (Ginhoux andamp; Jung). It is required for the maturation and activation of monocytes and macrophages, and regulates inflammatory responses in conjunction with other stimuli such as IFN-γ, LPS, and IL-4 (Murray <i>et al.</i>). M-CSF is also required for bone resorption by osteoclasts, and is involved in the development and regulation of placenta, mammary gland, and brain. M-CSF is produced by monocytes, fibroblasts, osteoclasts, stromal cells, endothelial cells, and tumor cells (Chockalingam andamp; Ghosh). M-CSF exerts its biological effects by signaling through a receptor tyrosine kinase (CSF-1R or M-CSF-R) encoded by the c-fms proto-oncogene (Hamilton). CSF-1R shares similar structural features with other growth factor receptors, including the stem cell factor (SCF) receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF-R), and Flt3/Flk-2 receptor tyrosine kinase. Stimulation of the CSF-1R upon binding to M-CSF activates MAPK, PI3K, and PLCγ signaling pathways (Chockalingam andamp; Ghosh). Human and mouse M-CSF sequences are highly conserved both at nucleotide and amino acid levels (80% homology; DeLamarter <i>et al.</i>). This product is animal component-free.
Numéro de catalogue:
(STMC78108.1)
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) is a member of the FGF family. Using β-Klotho as a cofactor, FGF-21 signals through FGF receptor 1c and 4 to activate PI3K and MAPK pathways (Mattila and Härkönen; Kharitonenkov <i>et al.</i>). FGF-21 expression is regulated by tissue-specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Upon PPAR-α stimulation FGF-21 is produced in the liver, and activation of PPAR-γ leads to FGF-21 production in adipose tissue. FGF-21 promotes insulin-independent glucose uptake and lipid accumulation in primary human adipocytes and in mouse 3T3-L1 cells. In pancreatic islets and INS-1 cells it inhibits glucose-mediated glucagon release and stimulates insulin production. FGF-21 does not induce proliferation in immortalized cell lines, unlike other FGFs (Kharitonenkov and Shanafelt). FGF-21 regulates thermogenesis in white and brown adipose tissue, and metabolic processes in cells of pancreatic origin (Kharitonenkov <i>et al.</i>).
UOM:
1 * 1 EA
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Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Fibroblast growth factor 8A (FGF-8A) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family and is an isoform of FGF-8. FGF-8A binds the FGF receptor (FGFR) and activates Ras/MAPK signaling (Hulstrand and Houston). The FGF family possesses broad mitogenic and cell survival activities (Folkman and Klagsbrun; Kimelman and Kirschner) and is involved in a variety of biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis (Folkman and Klagsbrun; Klagsbrun; Rifkin and Moscatelli). FGF-8 RNA is spliced to produce 4 protein isoforms in humans: FGF-8A, FGF-8B, FGF-8E, and FGF-8F. The functional differences are not fully understood; however, studies in zebrafish and Xenopus show that FGF-8A is required for endoderm morphogenesis and neurogenesis (Choe and Crump; Hulstrand and Houston).
Numéro de catalogue:
(STMC100-1334)
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Macrophage inflammatory protein-4 (MIP-4) plays a role in adaptive and innate immune responses, acting as a chemoattractant for T and B lymphocytes, and natural killer cells (Krohn <i>et al.</i>). MIP-4 can also induce immune tolerance through its effects on dendritic cells and macrophages (Azzaoui <i>et al.</i>, Schraufstatter <i>et al.</i>). In breast cancer, MIP-4 has been shown to promote the invasiveness and metastasis of cancer cells in vivo by binding PITPNM3 (Chen <i>et al.</i>).This small cytokine belongs to the chemokine family found only in primates. Based on amino acid sequence, MIP-4 is closely related to MIP-1 alpha (CCL3) and MIP-1 beta (CCL4) (Liang <i>et al.</i>). MIP-4 is produced by antigen-presenting immune cells including dendritic cells, macrophages, and monocytes (Lieshout <i>et al.</i>). For consistency and reproducibility across your applications, macrophage inflammatory protein-4 from STEMCELL comes lyophilised with ≥95% purity, and is verified by LAL analysis to ensure endotoxin levels are ≤1,0 EU/μg protein.
UOM:
1 * 1 EA
New Product
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Numéro de catalogue:
(STMC100-1338)
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
A type 1 membrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily, cluster of differentiation 200 (CD200) binds the CD200 receptor (CD200R) that is expressed on the surface of myeloid cells and T cells (Wright <i>et al.</i>), and has been shown to inhibit myeloid cell activity and macrophage cytokine production (Jenmalm <i>et al.</i>). Homologues of CD200 have been identified in viruses and can interact with CD200R to reduce macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokine production (Foster-Cuevas <i>et al.</i>). Studies have shown that the immunosuppressive effects of CD200 can promote acceptance of allogeneic tissue grafts in hosts (Gorczynski <i>et al.</i>), whereas dysregulation of CD200/CD200R can contribute to the development of autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis (Ren <i>et al.</i>). CD200 contains two immunoglobulin-like domains, a V-type domain and a smaller C2-type domain (Hatherley <i>et al.</i>). This protein contains a His-residue tag at the carboxyl end of the polypeptide chain. For consistency and reproducibility across your applications, cluster of differentiation 200 from STEMCELL comes lyophilised with ≥95% purity, and is verified by LAL analysis to ensure endotoxin levels are ≤1,0 EU/μg protein. Human recombinant CD200 at 2 μg/ml can bind human CD200R (His and hFc tag) with a linear range of 5 to 28 ng/ml, as determined by functional ELISA.
UOM:
1 * 1 EA
New Product
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Numéro de catalogue:
(STMC100-1325)
Fournisseur:
STEMCELL Technologies
Description:
Use omentin for the maintenance of insulin sensitivity and metabolism, decreasing levels of this adipokine have been associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes (Tan <i>et al.</i>). Studies have suggested that omentin may have protective effects against atherosclerosis, arterial calcification, and myocardial injury through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Akt-dependent mechanisms (Xu <i>et al.</i>, Kataoka <i>et al.</i>). Through regulation of Sirt1-dependent p53 deacetylation, omentin can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Zhang and Zhou). Omentin is mainly produced by visceral adipose tissue, but is also expressed in the small intestine, colon, mesothelial cells, vascular cells, and plasma (Watanabe et al). Protein sequence analysis has shown that omentin comprises 313 amino acids, with a secretory signal sequence and fibrinogen-related domain (Yang <i>et al.</i>). For consistency and reproducibility across your applications, Omentin from STEMCELL comes lyophilised with ≥90% purity, and is verified by LAL analysis to ensure endotoxin levels are ≤5,0 EU/μg protein.
UOM:
1 * 1 EA
New Product
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