ProSci Inc.

Description:   Peroxiredoxin 6 belongs to the thiol-specific antioxidant protein family, which is a bifunctional enzyme with two distinct active sites. Peroxiredoxin 6 is involved in redox regulation of the cell and can reduce Hydrogen peroxide and short chain organic, fatty acid, and phospholipid hydroperoxides. Peroxiredoxin 6 may regulates phospholipid turnover and protectes against oxidative injury. Peroxiredoxin 6 eases the oxidative stress and TGF-beta-induced abnormalities of human trabecular meshwork cells, it is necessary for blood vessel integrity in injured skin.

Description:   HOXC9 belongs to the homeobox family. The homeobox family is a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms.This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, which are located on different chromosomes and consist of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXC genes located in a cluster on chromosome 12.

Description:   ZNF223 is part of a ZNF gene cluster located on human chromosome 19q13.2 which encodes Kruppel-associated box (KRAB) motifs.

Description:   ILF3 may facilitate double-stranded RNA-regulated gene expression at the level of post-transcription. ILF3 can act as a translation inhibitory protein which binds to coding sequences of acid beta-glucosidase (GCase) and other mRNAs and functions at the initiation phase of GCase mRNA translation, probably by inhibiting its binding to polysomes. ILF3 can regulate protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1 activity. ILF3 may regulate transcription of the IL2 gene during T-cell activation. It can promote the formation of stable DNA-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complexes on DNA.Nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) is a transcription factor required for T-cell expression of interleukin 2. NFAT binds to a sequence in the IL2 enhancer known as the antigen receptor response element 2. In addition, NFAT can bind RNA and is an essential component for encapsidation and protein priming of hepatitis B viral polymerase. NFAT is a heterodimer of 45 kDa and 90 kDa proteins, the larger of which is the product of this gene. The encoded protein, which is primarily localized to ribosomes, probably regulates transcription at the level of mRNA elongation. At least three transcript variants encoding three different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Description:   FOXB1 is a winged helix/forkhead transcription factor. FOXB1 is specifically expressed in the developing central nervous system (CNS). Early embryonic FOXB1 expression is restricted to the mammiliary body region of the caudal hypothalamus, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord. FOXB1 may play a role in postnatal growth, lactation and CNS development.

Description:   DUX5, an active gene of unusual structure, is present in chromosome regions characterized by large amounts of heterochromatic repetitive DNA.

Description:   Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) is the prototype of a growing superfamily of peptide growth factors and plays a prominent role in a variety of cellular processes, including cell-cycle progression, cell differentiation, reproductive function, development, motility, adhesion, neuronal growth, bone morphogenesis, wound healing, and immune surveillance. TGF- beta 1, TGF- beta 2 and TGF- beta 3 signal via the same heteromeric receptor complex, consisting of a ligand binding TGF- beta receptor type II (T beta R-II), and a TGF- beta receptor type I (T beta R-I). Signal transduction from the receptor to the nucleus is mediated via SMADs. TGF- beta expression is found in cartilage, bone, teeth, muscle, heart, blood vessels, haematopoitic cells, lung, kidney, gut, liver, eye, ear, skin, and the nervous system.

Description:   Cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), is a cell surface glycoprotein, and is a is a component of the innate immune system. CD14 is a myelomonocytic differentiation antigen preferentially expressed on monocytes, macrophages, and activated granulocytes. CD14 exists in two forms. Either it is anchored into the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol tail (mCD14) or it appears in a soluble form (sCD14). Soluble CD14 either appears after shedding of mCD14 (48 kDa) or is directly secreted from intracellular vesicles (56 kDa). CD14 acts as a co-receptor (along with the Toll-like receptor TLR 4 and MD-2) for the detection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CD14 can bind LPS only in the presence of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP). CD14 has been proposed to be involved in various biological processes, including transportation of other lipids, cell-cell interaction during different immune responses, as well as recognition of apoptotic cells. Although LPS is considered its main ligand, CD14 also recognizes other pathogen-associated molecular patterns. CD14+ cells are monocytes that can differentiate into a host of different cells. CD14 has been shown to interact with Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein.

Description:   PPIE is a member of the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) family. PPIases catalyze the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides and accelerate the folding of proteins. This protein contains a highly conserved cyclophilin (CYP) domain as well as an RNA-binding domain. It was shown to possess PPIase and protein folding activities and also exhibit RNA-binding activity. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed.The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) family. PPIases catalyze the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides and accelerate the folding of proteins. This protein contains a highly conserved cyclophilin (CYP) domain as well as an RNA-binding domain. It was shown to possess PPIase and protein folding activities and also exhibit RNA-binding activity. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed.

Description:   SARS belongs to the class II amino-acyl tRNA family. The enzyme catalyzes the transfer of L-serine to tRNA (Ser) and is related to bacterial and yeast counterparts.This gene belongs to the class II amino-acyl tRNA family. The encoded enzyme catalyzes the transfer of L-serine to tRNA (Ser) and is related to bacterial and yeast counterparts.

Description:   PCBP1 appears to be multifunctional. It along with PCBP-2 and hnRNPK corresponds to the major cellular poly (rC)-binding protein. It contains three K-homologous (KH) domains which may be involved in RNA binding. This protein together with PCBP-2 also functions as translational coactivators of poliovirus RNA via a sequence-specific interaction with stem-loop IV of the IRES and promote poliovirus RNA replication by binding to its 5'-terminal cloverleaf structure. It has also been implicated in translational control of the 15-lipoxygenase mRNA, human Papillomavirus type 16 L2 mRNA, and hepatitis A virus RNA. PCBP1 is also suggested to play a part in formation of a sequence-specific alpha-globin mRNP complex which is associated with alpha-globin mRNA stability.This intronless gene is thought to be generated by retrotransposition of a fully processed PCBP-2 mRNA. This gene and PCBP-2 has paralogues PCBP3 and PCBP4 which is thought to arose as a result of duplication events of entire genes. The protein encoded by this gene appears to be multifunctional. It along with PCBP-2 and hnRNPK corresponds to the major cellular poly (rC)-binding proteins. It contains three K-homologous (KH) domains which may be involved in RNA binding. This encoded protein together with PCBP-2 also functions as translational coactivators of poliovirus RNA via a sequence-specific interaction with stem-loop IV of the IRES and promote poliovirus RNA replication by binding to its 5'-terminal cloverleaf structure. It has also been implicated in translational control of the 15-lipoxygenase mRNA, human Papillomavirus type 16 L2 mRNA, and hepatitis A virus RNA. The encoded protein is also suggested to play a part in formation of a sequence-specific alpha-globin mRNP complex which is associated with alpha-globin mRNA stability.This intronless gene is thought to have been generated by retrotransposition of a fully processed PCBP-2 mRNA. This gene and PCBP-2 have paralogues (PCBP3 and PCBP4) which are thought to have arisen as a result of duplication events of entire genes. The protein encoded by this gene appears to be multifunctional. It along with PCBP-2 and hnRNPK corresponds to the major cellular poly (rC)-binding protein. It contains three K-homologous (KH) domains which may be involved in RNA binding. This encoded protein together with PCBP-2 also functions as translational coactivators of poliovirus RNA via a sequence-specific interaction with stem-loop IV of the IRES and promote poliovirus RNA replication by binding to its 5'-terminal cloverleaf structure. It has also been implicated in translational control of the 15-lipoxygenase mRNA, human Papillomavirus type 16 L2 mRNA, and hepatitis A virus RNA. The encoded protein is also suggested to play a part in formation of a sequence-specific alpha-globin mRNP complex which is associated with alpha-globin mRNA stability. Publication Note: This RefSeq record includes a subset of the publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Entrez Gene record to access additional publications.

Description:   NXF1 is one member of a family of nuclear RNA export factor. Common domain features of this family are a noncanonical RNP-type RNA-binding domain (RBD), 4 leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), a nuclear transport factor 2 (NTF2)-like domain that allows heterodimerization with NTF2-related export protein-1 (NXT1), and a ubiquitin-associated domain that mediates interactions with nucleoporins. The LRRs and NTF2-like domains are required for export activity. NXF1 shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm and binds in vivo to poly (A)+ RNA. NXF1 overcomes the mRNA export block caused by the presence of saturating amounts of CTE (constitutive transport element) RNA of type D retroviruses.This gene is one member of a family of nuclear RNA export factor genes. Common domain features of this family are a noncanonical RNP-type RNA-binding domain (RBD), 4 leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), a nuclear transport factor 2 (NTF2)-like domain that allows heterodimerization with NTF2-related export protein-1 (NXT1), and a ubiquitin-associated domain that mediates interactions with nucleoporins. The LRRs and NTF2-like domains are required for export activity. Alternative splicing seems to be a common mechanism in this gene family. The encoded protein of this gene shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm and binds in vivo to poly (A)+ RNA. It is the vertebrate homologue of the yeast protein Mex67p. The encoded protein overcomes the mRNA export block caused by the presence of saturating amounts of CTE (constitutive transport element) RNA of type D retroviruses.

Description:   VASP (vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein) is a proline-rich protein substrate of cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases. VASP is an actin-associated protein involved in a range of processes dependent on cytoskeleton remodeling and cell polarity such as axon guidance, lamellipodial and filopodial dynamics, platelet activation and cell migration. VASP promotes actin filament elongation. It protects the barbed end of growing actin filaments against capping and increases the rate of actin polymerization in the presence of capping proteins. VASP stimulates actin filament elongation by promoting the transfer of profilin-bound actin monomers onto the barbed end of growing actin filaments and it plays a role in actin-based mobility of Listeria monocytogenes in host cells. It regulates actin dynamics in platelets and plays an important role in regulating platelet aggregation. VASP phosphorylation is used to monitor the effect of so-called antiplatelet drugs that reduce platelet reactivity and are used to prevent stent thrombosis, strokes and heart attacks in patients. Phosphorylation of VASP at Ser157 causes a mobility shift in SDS gel electrophoresis from 46 to 50kDa, which has been used as a convenient marker to monitor cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase activity.

Description:   CD166 antigen is a 100-105 kD typeI transmembrane glycoprotein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of proteins, which is also known as Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) in human, SC-1/DM-GRASP/BEN in the chicken, and KG-CAM in the rat. CD166 is a cell adhesion molecule that binds to CD6. CD166 involved in neurite extension by neurons via heterophilic and homophilic interactions.

Description:   Cluster of Differentiation 86 (CD86) is also known as B-lymphocyte activation antigen B7-2, is a type I membrane protein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, and is constitutively expressed on interdigitating dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, peripheral blood dendritic cells, memory B cells, and germinal center B cells. Additionally, B72 is expressed at low levels on monocytes and can be upregulated through interferon γ. CD86 is the ligand for two different proteins on the T cell surface: CD28 (for autoregulation and intercellular association) and CTLA-4 (for attenuation of regulation and cellular disassociation). CD86 works in tandem with CD80 to prime T cells. Recent study has revealed that B7-2 promotes the generation of a mature APC repertoire and promotes APC function and survival. Furthermore, the B7 proteins are also involved in innate immune responses by activating NF-κB-signaling pathway in macrophages. CD86 thus is regarded as a promising candidate for immune therapy. CD86+ macrophages in Hodgkin lymphoma patients are an independent marker for potential nonresponse to firstline-therapy.

Description:   Cluster of Differentiation 86 (CD86) is also known as B-lymphocyte activation antigen B7-2, is a type I membrane protein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, and is constitutively expressed on interdigitating dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, peripheral blood dendritic cells, memory B cells, and germinal center B cells. Additionally, B72 is expressed at low levels on monocytes and can be upregulated through interferon γ. CD86 is the ligand for two different proteins on the T cell surface: CD28 (for autoregulation and intercellular association) and CTLA-4 (for attenuation of regulation and cellular disassociation). CD86 works in tandem with CD80 to prime T cells. Recent study has revealed that B7-2 promotes the generation of a mature APC repertoire and promotes APC function and survival. Furthermore, the B7 proteins are also involved in innate immune responses by activating NF-κB-signaling pathway in macrophages. CD86 thus is regarded as a promising candidate for immune therapy. CD86+ macrophages in Hodgkin lymphoma patients are an independent marker for potential nonresponse to firstline-therapy.