Protéines et Peptides
Fournisseur:
Shenandoah Biotechnology
Description:
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) family and is made by the placenta and cardiovascular tissues. GDF-15 regulates inflammatory and apoptotic pathways during cellular stress and injury. GDF-15 is emerging as a biomarker of early heart disease, such that increased levels of circulating GDF-15 are associated with an increased risk of developing heart failure. The GDF-15 D variant has a Histidine to an Aspartate substitution at amino acid position 7.
Fournisseur:
Shenandoah Biotechnology
Description:
Fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF-4) is a secreted growth factor that is predominantly expressed during bone morphogenesis and embryonic limb development. FGF-4 is an important growth regulator for stem cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. FGF-4 contains a single N-linked glycosylation signal. In-vitro studies suggest that unglycosylated FGF-4 is cleaved into 13 kDa and 15 kDa truncated proteins that have greater biological activity than the wild type 19 kDa FGF-4 protein. Human FGF-4 shares high homology and is cross-reactive with mouse FGF-4.
Fournisseur:
Shenandoah Biotechnology
Description:
Fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF-4) is a secreted growth factor that is predominantly expressed during bone morphogenesis and embryonic limb development. FGF-4 is an important growth regulator for stem cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. FGF-4 contains a single N-linked glycosylation signal. In-vitro studies suggest that unglycosylated FGF-4 is cleaved into 13 kDa and 15 kDa truncated proteins that have greater biological activity than the wild type 19 kDa FGF-4 protein. Human FGF-4 shares high homology and is cross-reactive with mouse FGF-4.
Fournisseur:
Shenandoah Biotechnology
Description:
Chemerin is a chemoattractant adipokine that is expressed in white adipose, liver, skin, and lung tissues. Chemerin is a ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor chemokine-like receptor 1 (ChemR23), which is expressed on dendritic cells, macrophages, and adipocytes.
Fournisseur:
Shenandoah Biotechnology
Description:
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is an important regulator of cell growth, proliferation, and angiogenesis. PDGF synthesis is induced by IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, and EGF signaling. PDGF functions as a mitogenic growth hormone on cells of mesenchymal lineage, such as smooth muscle and glial cells.
Fournisseur:
Shenandoah Biotechnology
Description:
Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is an immunomodulatory cytokine that is produced by lymphocytes. IL-2 signals through the IL-2R receptor to induce activated T cell proliferation and promote T cell differentiation. IL-2 also stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of B cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, and macrophages.
Fournisseur:
Shenandoah Biotechnology
Description:
Interleukin 15 (IL-15) is a widely expressed proinflammatory cytokine that is structurally and functionally related to interleukin 2 (IL-2). IL-15 signals through JAK kinases to activate STAT3, STAT5, and STAT6 transcription factors. IL-15 regulates the activation of T cells, neutrophils, and macrophages, and is a stimulatory cytokine promoting dendritic cell function. IL-15 expression is dysregulated in chronic inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Therefore, IL-15 may serve as an effective therapeutic target, due to the beneficial outcomes of IL-15 neutralisation in models of psoriasis and diabetes. Human IL-15 shows activity on mouse cells.
Fournisseur:
Shenandoah Biotechnology
Description:
Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 cytokine family and is constitutively expressed in smooth muscle and airway epithelial cells. IL-33 signals through the interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 (IL-1R1) and interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) receptors to ativate NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. IL-33 functions to induce type 2 cytokine production in polarized Type 2 helper T (Th2) cells.
Fournisseur:
Shenandoah Biotechnology
Description:
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a member of the interleukin 6 (IL-6) family that is made by a variety of adult and embryonic tissues. LIF signals through the glycoprotein 130 (gp130)/LIF receptor (LIFR) heterodimer to activate STAT3 and MAPK signaling. LIF functions during hematopoietic differentiation, neuronal cell differentiation, kidney development, and inflammatory processes. Mouse LIF promotes mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell self-renewal and pluripotency in long-term cell culture systems, similar to the functional activity of FGF-basic in human ES cell culture systems.
Fournisseur:
Shenandoah Biotechnology
Description:
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is produced by a wide variety of cell types, including tumor and vascular cells. VEGF-A is a mediator of vascular growth, vascular permeability, and plays a role in stimulating vasodilation via nitric oxide-dependent pathways. VEGF-A has several alternatively spliced isoforms, with VEGF-165 being the most abundant. The VEGF-165 isoform is a secreted protein that acts on receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 to modulate endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis.
Fournisseur:
Shenandoah Biotechnology
Description:
Prolactin is a hormone that is produced and secreted by the pituitary gland. Prolactin acts in an endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine manner. The prolactin receptor (PRLR) is expressed on many cell types, including cells of the reproductive organs, central nervous system, and breast cancer. Prolactin signal transduction occurs via JAK kinase signaling pathways. The primary function of prolactin is to regulate lactation, but prolactin also plays functional roles in the immune system and during cell growth, apoptosis, and differentiation.
Fournisseur:
Shenandoah Biotechnology
Description:
Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a neurotrophic factor that signals through a multicomponent receptor system to activate receptor tyrosine kinase RET signaling. GDNF promotes dopamine uptake, prevents motor neuron apoptosis, and supports the survival and differentiation of neurons.
Fournisseur:
Shenandoah Biotechnology
Description:
Interferon-alpha 2a (IFN-α 2a) is a type I interferon made by leukocytes during viral infection. The JAK-STAT pathway mediates the antiviral and anti-cell proliferation activities of IFN-α 2a. IFN-α proteins are widely used as standard treatments during antiviral and antineoplastic therapies. The IFN-α 2a variant differs from IFN-α 2b by one amino acid.
Fournisseur:
Shenandoah Biotechnology
Description:
Interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) is expressed by epithelial cells, activated macrophages, neutrophils, and endothelial cells to regulate immune responses. IL-1α signals through the IL-1 receptor, type 1 (IL-1R1) to activate the myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88) signaling pathway, which contains the cytoplasmic Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain adapter. IL-1α and the independently regulated IL-1β protein have overlapping proinflammatory activities to induce adhesion molecule expression on epithelial cells, control fever induction, initiate rheumatoid arthritis, and promote septic shock.
Fournisseur:
Shenandoah Biotechnology
Description:
Interleukin 21 (IL-21) is a member of the common-gamma chain family of cytokines that are involved in immunoregulation. IL-21 is normally expressed by activated CD4+ T cells and is aberrantly expressed in Hodgkin lymphoma cells. The IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) activates the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and is expressed on T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells.
Fournisseur:
Shenandoah Biotechnology
Description:
Interleukin 35 (IL-35) is a member of the IL-12 cytokine family and is produced by regulatory T cells (Tregs). IL-35 is a heterodimeric cytokine that is comprised of the p35 subunit (IL-12A) and the Epstein-Barr virus induced gene 3 subunit (EBI3/IL-27B). IL-35 binds the IL-12Rbeta2/gp130 hetero- and homodimers to activate STAT1 and STAT4 signaling. IL-35 functions as a suppressor of immune cell inflammatory responses.
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